Management and Organizations in Global Environment Organization Scien

Question: Talk about theManagement and Organizations in Global Environment for Organization Science. Answer: Structure and Strategy BCGs Yves Morieux see on Organization Design As indicated by Fan, et al. (2013. P.1234) authoritative structure includes how exercises, for example, overseeing, planning, coordinating, and work portion are performed to help the association to show up at its targets. Then again, procedures allude to the whole of plans the firm is aiming to embrace in order to accomplish its objectives. Morieux says that the authoritative structure follows its procedures which are valid much of the time. For the firm to accomplish its set plans, which for this situation we allude them as systems, the hierarchical structure will be coordinated towards the rules and methodology clarified in the arrangements. The structure should follow designs as examined in the accompanying exercises. How Contingency Factors of Organizational Design are grinding away on account of Zappos Unforeseen elements influencing an authoritative structure are; size, age, innovation utilized, systems and nature of the endeavor (Csaszar, 2013, p.1096). Zippo Company has around 17 years of exchanging. This shows the organization is most likely in its last phases of business. The administration has had the opportunity to join the association and knows its qualities and shortcomings. The choice of Zippo to receive holacracy is reasonable since the strategy works adequately with old firms. For new organizations, it might cause ambiguities since the representatives might not have sufficient information and aptitudes to figure choices. Also is the size of the association. Picking an authoritative plan will require the administration to evaluate how large the business is to abstain from utilizing an insufficient technique which may prompt loss of control and force. Zappos is a medium estimated organization with around 1500 representatives. For holacracy and group based to be embraced, an enormous firm will be alluring for the senior administration to manage the gatherings as opposed to managing an individual worker. This will spare time and the gatherings will give more data to the administration than it at first knows. At last, Zappos has a quiet working condition which gives it close to crude materials for shoe, purse and fabric creation. There is additionally a prepared market at Las Vegas. In addition, the organization works with the most recent innovation. Shamsuzzoha et al. (2013, p.130) said that the firm has been the bleeding edge of advancement, and it was one of the early adopters of online life innovation for promoting to advertise its items. The two highlights will help the CEO to screen the presentation of the firm and right zones where the gatherings may neglect to deal with. The tranquil condition will make the groups work easily delivering the best for Zippo. Ways which Innovative Culture is identified with (Agile) Organizational Structure Innovative culture alludes to the workmanship, custom, and propensities. They portray an association, network or the whole country however supports and empowers development for hazard and vulnerability decrease Innovative culture is identified with a functioning authoritative structure for it presents the three Rs clarified by (Wei, O'Neill, Lee, Zhou, 2013. P.1040). It improves the firm by selecting whereby the administration recruits new, gifted and qualified representatives to better execution. (Wei, O'Neill, Lee, and Zhou, 2013, p.1040) further, clarify that retraining of current workers is basic to make them familiar with the current developments, for example, new machines and PC programs. The last R is prizes or acknowledgment where workers endeavors are paid through employment advancements, pay and pay increases. Week 4 Blog Structure alludes to exercises that make an association to run while procedures are plans executed for the structure to work. The two make a relationship where the first relies upon the last mentioned. Associations can be administered by different methods with Zappos presenting a remarkable style-holacracy. It is unique in relation to organization, yet paper near the group based strategy. Variables of hierarchical plan decide the administration style to utilize like Zappos which has good age, size, and peaceful condition for holacracy to work. For a functioning authoritative structure, inventive culture is important for improving representatives propensities, custom, and craft of working. Exercises, for example, fulfilling, re-preparing, and enrolling qualified is basic to make a firm to deal with current worldwide elements in the business. Week 6 Activity 1: Linear Programming Word Problem Bits of knowledge into Rational Decision-Making Approach that can be drawn from this video Initial, an individual ought to pick letters to speak to the units of the brands. For our situation, x and y are chosen to speak to the units of X and Y individually. An ace condition to take care of the issue, which for this situation is limiting expense, is determined. (C=0.8x+0.5y). The estimations of x and y ought to be equivalent or more prominent than zero. Since the essential segments of food here are fats and protein, two conditions are inferred which when plotted on a diagram paper will show the necessary side on the paper where cost can be limited. To acquire the base cost, one needs to consider the vertices built by plotting of the diagram and subbing the vertices utilizing the base cost work. For our situation, the base cost which is 2.52 is accomplished through directions (2.4, 1.2) Confinements of Linear Programming Xu Wang (2014. P.312) recorded suspicions of direct programming as follows; Constants boundaries the technique accept that boundaries are steady which may not be the situation in all actuality. Multifaceted nature since the strategy utilizes scientific strategies, it is dependent upon experimentation because of adjusting of figures which may not give ideal arrangements. Handles a solitary target the strategy handles each issue in turn. For example, in the model, it shapes a condition to limit cost. There could be more goals not canvassed in the model. Estimations of coefficient boundaries It accept that these qualities which may not be precise and along these lines difficult for a specialist to get the specific numerical qualities. Sorts of Situation that Linear Programming could be helpful to Decision Making Can be utilized by makers while allotting assets to decide adequate measures of individual parts to use for greatest benefit (Rueda-Medina et al. (2013, p.137.) For instance, production of fat and oil for cooking. Straight programming may likewise be utilized in surveying miniaturized scale and macroeconomic issues, for example, distinguishing the ideal point for request and gracefully just as venture, salary, investment funds and utilization. The strategy is likewise appropriate in the media transmission industry for recognizing the system configuration, call directing, and web traffic. Week 6 Blog For sound dynamic in financial aspects, media transmission and creation part, arrangements can be accomplished using direct programming procedure where a condition is determined with the boundaries for the most part meant by letters x and y. After plotting a diagram utilizing the offered qualities to make X and Y tomahawks, an area containing positive, practical qualities is gotten. The vertices organizes are subbed in the principle condition, and either the most elevated or the least answers are chosen relying upon the issue. The strategy helps with taking care of issues yet it has been condemned in that it is unpredictable, takes care of a solitary issue at once, and the boundaries are thought to be consistent. The suspicion of straight factors and extricating genuine estimations of coefficient boundaries bring about additional constraints of the methodology. References Csaszar, F.A., 2013. A productive boondocks in association plan: Organizational structure as a determinant of investigation and misuse. Association Science, 24(4), pp.1083-1101. Fan, J.P., Wong, T.J. what's more, Zhang, T., 2013. Establishments and authoritative structure: The instance of state-possessed corporate pyramids. Diary of Law, Economics, and Organization, 29(6), pp.1217-1252. Gouveia, L.B., 2016. Holacracy as an option in contrast to associations administration. Hawkins, N.M., Wright, D.J. also, Capewell, S., 2013. Cardiovascular breakdown benefits in the United Kingdom: reconsidering the machine administration. Universal diary of cardiology, 162(3), pp.143-148. Rueda-Medina, A.C., Franco, J.F., Rider, M.J., Padilha-Feltrin, A. also, Romero, R., 2013. A blended whole number straight programming approach for ideal kind, size and allotment of dispersed age in outspread conveyance frameworks. Electric force frameworks research, 97, pp.133-143. Shamsuzzoha, A., Kankaanpaa, T., Carneiro, L.M., Almeida, R., Chiodi, A. also, Fornasiero, R., 2013. Dynamic and community oriented business organizes in the design business. Universal Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 26(1-2), pp.125-139. Wei, Y.S., O'Neill, H., Lee, R.P. what's more, Zhou, N., 2013. The effect of inventive culture on singular representatives: The directing job of market data sharing. Diary of Product Innovation Management, 30(5), pp.1027-1041. Xu, P. furthermore, Wang, L., 2014. A precise calculation for the bi-level blended whole number straight programming issue under three disentangling presumptions. PCs tasks research, 41, pp.309-318.

Applying Common-sense Morality to Life :: essays research papers

Applying Common-Sense Morality to Life      I accept that I could and do â€Å"live with† W. D. Ross’s hypothesis of good judgment ethical quality as my own ethical code. I concur with a portion of the rules that Kant and Utilitarianism follow, however I accept they are excessively severe. I concur with the arrangement of good difficulties and needs that presence of mind ethical quality employments. It permits an individual to organize moral commitments and pick which commitment is progressively significant dependent on a specific circumstance. I accept good judgment ethical quality can without much of a stretch be applied to circumstances at home, grinding away, and at school.      First, I will give a case of how sound judgment profound quality can be applied to a circumstance at home. Let’s state that my dad and I have plans to meet for supper on Thursday night. As indicated by Ross, I have made a guarantee to meet him for supper and this circumstance would fall under the commitment of constancy. In class on Thursday, I discover that I have a test in my business morals class on Friday and I realize that I should remain at home and study for it as opposed to going out to supper. In the wake of contemplating the circumstance, despite the fact that my dad and I had past designs to go to supper, I would choose to change our arrangements to a later date and study for the test. By doing this, I broke my guarantee to go to supper, however the test is increasingly significant. As indicated by Ross, I have organized the test over the supper so as to satisfy by commitment of personal growth.      Second, I will give a case of how presence of mind profound quality can be applied to a circumstance at work. Let’s state that I work at Wendy’s drive-through joint. James, the administrator of the store, and I are the main staff individuals in the store. The entirety of the abrupt, James inadvertently spills hot oil all over his hand and is shouting for help. I promptly go to help, yet then a lady in the feasting territory shouts to call 911 on the grounds that her significant other is having a coronary episode. Presently I have an ethical situation. As per Ross, I have a commitment of advantage to the two individuals, however I have to assess which person’s wellbeing is more in danger. In this circumstance, the individual having the coronary episode is in considerably more peril than James. I would call 911 and afterward watch out for James.

How the Essay Sample Can Help You With Your College Application

How the Essay Sample Can Help You With Your College ApplicationThe Texas Applytexas Essay Sample is a good example of how an essay can be created. This comes in a booklet that comes with the student or the teacher getting a sample of these booklets at their site. Students will also need to get a copy of the Applytexas Essay Course Guide which comes with a package and includes a book to help get the student's process started. The essays they can write for this course can get them to be a better writer because of the many exercises included with it.The student will be able to use the book for the study of an essay and will have some easy practice before getting the actual course. The essays can also be used to help improve the knowledge about a subject that the student has gotten. There are also general notes and resources that are included with this book so students will be able to get everything that they need and more.Students will find that it is actually very easy to use the appli cation for the first few sentences, as the directions are very easy to follow. It also provides a good place to begin so the student has something to work with. Once they get comfortable, they can move on to the next part.Once the students have read through the books, they will be able to know when they are ready to write the essay. This is where the lessons are needed to be explained properly to the student so they know what they should be doing. The instructor will also take the time to review the applications of these essays so that the student can be as familiar as possible.This method of teaching is great for a teacher, because it allows the teacher to provide more detailed instructions that are included in the Learn Essay Course Guide. This is a more advanced teaching guide that provides the student with more detailed lessons so that they know what they should be doing when they are writing. Itis a great way to be sure that the student will be able to write a quality essay.The amount of practice the student will get to use the essay samples can help them learn how to create the essay. It will help them become familiar with the sentence structure, paragraphs, and key words and topics. The essays that the students will be able to write can give them ideas that they can use when they are writing for class assignments.Students will also learn how to use the cover letter for their application and will be able to see what they should be writing on the paper. The letter will be a good source for the student to learn how to use all of the letters that are used for letters for the different types of forms that are available. Students will also be able to know how to make a convincing cover letter for the admissions requirements that are included in the applications.The Texas Applytexas Essay Sample is not just used to help the student write an essay. It will also help the student write a more persuasive cover letter. The entire cover letter can be written with th e help of the sample essay, so that the student will have a better understanding of how to use the paper.

Voltaire - 1117 Words

What Influences Enzyme Activity Biology Lab 2010-09-25 Summary In this lab we learned about what influences enzyme activity. We learned many terms and concepts in this lab. Enzymes decreases the amount of energy needed in a reaction. Catalyst speeds up reaction. A substrate is what the material with which catalyst reacts. A product is the modification of the substrate. This was a very informative and good lab. Materials 1. 1 Reaction spot plate 2. 3 Small Cups 3. 3 Plastic pipettes 4. 1 Bottle starch indicator solution. 5. Prepared starch solution 6. Prepared diastase solution 7. Distilled water 8. Clock with second hand 9. Bottle of dilute hydrochloric†¦show more content†¦2. Add two drops of starch solution in each of the two wells. 3. Add a drop of enzyme solution to only one of the wells. The other well without enzyme added to it will be your control. 4. After 3 minutes, test for the presence of sugar formation in both of the wells. Wait 10 seconds, then observe and record any color change in Table 4. The indicator changes color in varying degrees, from the initial pink to dark purple in the presence of increasing concentrations of glucose. A color change after 10 seconds is indicative of glucose production from the digestion of starch. 5. After testing for glucose, add one drop of the starch indicator solution to both wells to test for the presence of starch. Record your observations. Results Table Number 1- Reaction Times With Increasing Enzyme Concentration |Number of Drops of Enzyme |Reaction Time (sec) | |1 |360 | |2 |60 | |3 |40 |Show MoreRelated Voltaire760 Words   |  4 Pages Voltaire was a talented, assertive, and controversial French writer from the eighteenth century enlightenment period. He was born in 1694 to a wealthy family in Paris, and given the name Francois-Marie Arouet. During the early years of his life Voltaire endured many hardships. For instance, his mother passed away when he was seven leaving only his father and older brother to raise him. Unfortunately, this added insult to injury as Voltaire despised both his father and brother. NeverthelessRead MoreVoltaire s Candide By Voltaire2264 Words   |  10 Pages Candide by Voltaire Book Critique Emma Joy Mr. Boni World History 2- Period 2 12/19/14 I. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Bantam Books, 1959. Candide by Voltaire is a very educational and informative piece. It was chosen to be read so the students could gain a better understanding of some of the written pieces in the Enlightenment. Voltaire also makes many references as to what life was like in the 18th century. Voltaire not only describes the scenery but he gives a description ofRead MoreVoltaire s View Of Voltaire1213 Words   |  5 PagesVoltaire was an enlightenment provider who wrote many play and books. He was a famous writer, who made a lot of money and he wanted money. So everything he accomplished, he did because he thought people are going to buy for him to be rich. One of his most famous is the story of Candide in which he wrote to be entertained. The book is a satire in which Voltaire in some way criticizes the institutions, and the people. Although Voltaire’s societies had many advances, this made him criticize differentRead MoreVoltaire2028 Words   |  9 Pagescollection of written documents tha t Voltaire wrote between 1726 and 1729 on his experiences he had while staying in England. After its publication in French in 1734, many people of French ethnicity saw it as a bashing of the French government, and even a little bit on the Catholic religion. Voltaire does seem to be fairly favorable towards the English in his letters, which is understandable after he was exiled in his homeland of France multiple times. In many cases Voltaire saw in England what he wishedRead MoreCandide by Voltaire948 Words   |  4 Pagesbeliefs of an opposing philosopher of the Enlightenment period . But perhaps the most powerful of his satires in his novel is on religion. Voltaire believes in God, but rather a forceful disapproval of religion. He believes that all people should serve God in their own way instead of being told how to believe God through religious officials. The first example of Voltaire mocking religion is after Candide leaves the castle of Baron Von Thunder Ten Tronckh of West phalia. Devastated by the loss of his relationshipRead MoreVoltaire And His Candide - Voltaire s Candide1211 Words   |  5 PagesVoltaire and his Candide Introduction Voltaire is the leader of the French Enlightenment, he enjoyed high prestige in the enlightenment movement. His life was spent in against the feudal regime system and the reactionary forces of the church (Gorbatov, 2006). Voltaire was knowledgeable, he had many works (including philosophy, history, literature, science, etc., throughout his literary creation, the most valuable was his philosophical novels (Sutcliffe, 2000). These novels maintained the vitalityRead MoreCandide by Voltaire847 Words   |  3 Pagesenlightenment thinkers and philosophers. Voltaire demonstrates three different enlightenment thoughts or views in his work: anti-feudalism, optimism, and the hypocrisy of the Christian church. Perhaps the most common and well-known characteristic of the Enlightenment was anti-feudalism. Philosophers during the Enlightenment advocated against the separation of the nobility from the other social classes and tried to obtain equality among all human beings. In Candide Voltaire writes about the outlandish actionsRead MoreVoltaire and The Enlightenment1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Enlightenment was revolutionary because of Voltaire, a writer that used his ideas to attack the established Catholic Church, and to propagate the freedom of religion, scientific thoughts, skepticism and experiential philosophy. Voltaire was born in 1694, a year that was under the regiment of Louis XIV. At that time, the aristocracy ruled France in an extreme way that most commoners were struggling in poverty. From a middle-class family, Voltaire did not like the political environment of FranceRead MoreEssay Voltaire549 Words   |  3 PagesVoltaire The building blocks of the Enlightenment were formed out of a desire for truth, reason, and freedom – virtually contingent upon the last. An examination of Voltaire’s Candide and La Feyette’s Princess of Cleves, both well recognized pieces of the period, exemplify two views of freedom, the first based on its use in moderation and the latter making it a relative term. Relative freedom meaning it is correspondent to one’s social, economic, and religious place with in society. InRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment By Voltaire1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. Do some research on Voltaire and his beliefs as well as the era in which he wrote, which was the Age of Enlightenment. Be sure to cite your sources of information. The Age of Enlightenment occurred from the 1620s until the 1780s. This movement began in England, and steadily spread almost worldwide before long. The term Enlightenment was used to contrast the Dark Ages, a time in which innovation and free-thinking was at an all-time low. Voltaire’s French philosophy included free-thinking and

Reflection On The Cold War - 1110 Words

Cold War Project Reflection - Humanities 10 After World War II, the Cold War was another significant event that occurred in the 20th century, which had an dominant effect on many aspects in the American society. The United States and the Soviet Nation fought as allies during Word War II against the Nazi army, however, the relationship between the two unions were intense due to their different political perspectives. Soon after WWII, tensions between the U.S. and the USSR escalated; being the two most powerful forces in the world, the conflict between them became a global issue. The U.S., representing capitalism and democracy, was afraid and concerned of the spread of communism, represented by Russian leader Joseph Stalin. The entire Cold†¦show more content†¦The Korean War also changed the U.S. domestically; it gave reasons to the U.S. to expand and increase its military power, which were the foundations of the military industrial complex that lasted through the entire Cold War. Another positive thing that happened b ecause of the Korean War was that it was the first time in U.S. history that black and white soldiers fought together; this act hugely affected the American patriotism, it was also the fundamental step of civil rights. Finally in the late 1900s, under the presidency of U.S. President George H. W. Bush, the Cold War was finally seeing its end. On December 3rd, 1989, President Bush and USSR leader Gorbachev held meeting to issue the long-lasting problems of the Cold War at the Malta Summit. In the meeting, Bush was optimistic about following the steps of arms control taken by the Reagen administration. On the other hand, Gorbachev emphasized the importance of peaceful and friendly relationship between the U.S. and the USSR, â€Å"The new U.S. president must know that the Soviet Union will not under any circumstances initiate a war. This is so important that I wanted to repeat the announcement to you personally. Moreover, the USSR is prepared to cease considering the U.S. as an enemy and announce this openly. At the end of the meeting, both sides agreed to work together to construct a treaty dealing with long-range nuclear weapons and conventional arms;Show MoreRelatedCold War Ethical Reflection1419 Words   |  6 PagesReflection of the Cold War The Cold War, from 1945 to 1991, is one of the most important periods of time that has greatly influenced and shaped the modern world. It was not just a battle between two super powers, the USA and the Soviet Union, but also a clash of two really popular ideologies during that time. There was the American claim of fighting for freedom and democracy and the Soviet claims of fighting for the interests of the workers and the common people. Now in theory, these ideologiesRead MorePoetry Analysis On Facing It798 Words   |  4 Pagessusceptible to the memories of war, pain, suffering, and death. Memorials such as the Vietnam Memorial bring back many memories for veterans when they view these memorials. Those memories can attack the mind, and cause a veteran to feel vulnerable. Many veterans can only associate those memorials with the pain, suffering, and death that they had seen while at war. Yusef Komunyakaa expresses the pain that is felt within war veterans when they remember mem ories of war and survival in his poem FacingRead MoreMcCarthyism and Documents of History1422 Words   |  6 PagesActivities, a reflection on the times of McCarthyism, and a political cartoon. The breeding grounds for McCarthyism developed in a time when the worlds two friendly alphas found it in their best interests to compete for the love and resolve of mother Earth. Initially, during World War Two the United States and the Soviet Union put their philosophies aside and formed a crucial alliance to asphyxiate Nazi inhumane hostility and expansion (Hewitt Lawson, 745). In contrast, Post World War Two, SeptemberRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Clock Shadows And Dark And Gritty 1583 Words   |  7 Pagesbearing five o’clock shadows and â€Å"dark and gritty† narratives are a reflection of the flawed and unrelenting modern-day reality that we inhabit. This age of morally gray storytelling is a stark contrast to the idealistic depictions of American society and â€Å"traditional family values† found throughout various 1950s television (Museum of Broadcast Communications). The force behind this shift from a rather jubilant, dreamlike state of Cold W ar era media, to the grim and cynical state of present-day film, televisionRead MoreRelationship Between The Cold War And Global White Supremacy853 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between the Cold War and global white supremacy is clear from Borstelmann’s writing. He demonstrates how the improvement of race relations both domestic and foreign were a necessity. If the U.S. did not fix how potential allies (specifically all post colonial countries) viewed the U.S., communism was sure to spread. Although Latham does not identify race as a reason for modernization both Latham and Borstelmann show that Aligning with these posts countries was necessary to preventRead MoreWatchmen, A Comic Book1295 Words   |  6 Pagesversion of 1985 where Nixon never resigned and had somehow repealed the 22nd Amendment. He is in his 3rd term as president when the story begins. Most of the events in the book take place in New York City. Cold War tensions are high between the U.S. and Russ ia. The only deterrent to Nuclear War is the presence of Dr. Manhattan. He is basically an omnipotent being (though he explains he is not a god), once human, who is fortunately on America’s side. Jon Osterman, as was Dr. Manhattan’s real name,Read MoreThe Cold War On American Culture Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a pivotal time in American history. To a greater degree than most other wars, the Cold War affected American society in unfathomable and profound ways. More specifically, American culture transformed immensely during this time. From a constant state of anxiety, to changes in media and the arts, to McCarthyism; the Cold War fervently affected the quality of life, personal expression, and American politics. Predominantly, the Cold War inflicted fear and apprehension within the AmericanRead MoreBook Review: First To Fight by Victor H. Krulak644 Words   |  3 PagesFight: An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps carry pointedly Cold War-related messages and imperatives. However, an open-minded consideration of the text demonstrates a particular relevance for the servicemen and women of todays U.S. Marine Corps. Krulaks telling of the Corps history is among the sections which retains its relevance. At all points, Krulaks historical reporting is clear, straightforward and in the cases of World War II, Korea and Vietnam, strengthened by the authors firsthandRead MoreThe Foundation Of The U.s. National Security Policy1077 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Ronald Reagan after the World War II, encouraging a restructure of the military through the National Security Act of 1947. The Department of War and the Department of Navy was unified into the National Military Establishment (NME), then renamed to Department of Defense with the purpose to have Army, Navy and Air Force into a unified structure. President Truman signed the National Security Act Amendment of 1949 in reflection to strategic changes to the Cold War facts. This paper explores the bookRead Moredoc 11148 Words   |  5 Pages The Cold War Era was a time in history where there was hostility between many different countries. The one mo st notable was the hostility between the Soviet Union and United States, the fight between Communism and Capitalism. As the most dominant country the U.S. offered assistance to countries threatened by Communism. They felt that Communism was wrong and was not the right way to run a government. Between the years 1945 and 1980 the United States and Soviet Union’s relationship was ruined, which

Essay about Mathildes Life of Unhappiness in The Necklace

In Guy De Maupassant?s ?The Necklace,? Mathilde Loisel is a young woman who dreams of wealth and of being envied by other women. Mathilde always wants more than what she has, and refuses to adjust to her middle class status which causes her to never achieve the happiness she seeks. At the beginning, Mathilde?s discontentment with her simple life causes her to have unrealistic dreams of wealth. She fantasizes of unattainable riches which causes her to view her life as being drab and dull. Maupassant conveys this in several different ways throughout the first paragraph. For example, ?Born, as if by an error of destiny, into a family of clerks and copyists. She had no dowry, no prospects, no way of getting know.? Given that she had no†¦show more content†¦She spends her life daydreaming about things she can not have, and this causes her to be miserable and tormented within herself. When the Loisels receive the dinner invitation, to the Ministry of Education Mathilde pouts. Her husband feels uneasiness when she manipulates him into buying her an expensive party dress. Instead of being delighted that her husband worked diligently to have the couple invited to a special occasion, she just throws the invitation on the table saying ?What do you expect me to do with this He does not understand her and can not sympathize with her unhappiness. Maupassant describes this when he states, ?He stopped, amazed and bewildered, as his wife began to cry. Large tears fell slowly from the corners of her eyes to her mouth.? He tries to persuade her to wear her theater dress to the special occasion. As an alternative he offers to buy her a new dress with the money that he has saved to buy a shotgun. Wearing her new dress, she proves to be a success at the ball by exhibiting self-confidence. Maupassant proves this by stating, She danced joyfully, passionately, intoxicated with pleasure, thinking of nothing but the moment, in the triumph of her beauty, in the glory of her success, on cloud nine with happiness made up of all the admiration, of all the aroused desire, of this victory so complete and so sweet to the heart of any women (Maupassant 8). Her self-confidence proves she has theShow MoreRelated Theme Analysis of Maupassants The Necklace Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages Guy De Maupassants short story The Necklace remarkably demonstrates how misfortune can lead to self improvement through the character Mathilde Loisel. Madame Mathilde was one of those beautiful and delightful young ladies with not very many high expectations, achievements, and no way to be accepted into the elaborate society and lifestyle in which she finds herself daydreaming about day and night. In Guy De Mauspassants `The Necklace, the author examines the theme of how learning a difficultRead More Necklace Assessment Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesNecklace Assessment The story begins by showing the reader the main character, Mathilde Losiel. The narrator tells the reader about Mathildes thought towards her life. The character seems unhappy because she thinks that by some error she was born lower in the hierarchy, than she was made for. You are drawn into the story when you see the differences between her supposed life and the life she is living. You feel that she might get to live her supposed life when the story progresses. YouRead MoreMaupassant’s The Necklace Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pageslived the life of a painfully distressed woman, who always believed herself worthy of living in the upper class. Although Mathilde was born into the average middle class family, she spent her time daydreaming of her destiny for more in life... especially when it came to her financial status. Guy de Maupassant’s short story, â€Å"The Necklace†, tells a tale of a vain, narcissistic housewife who longed for the aristocratic lifestyle that she believed she was creditable for. In describing Mathilde’s self-servingRead MoreThe Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1034 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Necklace.† Guy de Maupassant, a French writer, born in 1850, was considered one of France’s greatest short-story writers. His writings were mostly influenced by the divorce of his parents when he was thirteen years old and by great write rs such as Shakespeare, Schopenhauer, and Flauber. His parent’s divorce caused his stories to depict unhappiness of matrimony, deceit, miscommunication, and a profound misunderstanding (Maupassant, Guy de, 1850-1893). In the short-story â€Å"The Necklace,† MadameRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of The Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1028 Words   |  5 Pages The Necklace†, by Guy de Maupassant First published in French in 1884, is a fabulous short story about unhappiness and being true to yourself. The story is about a woman, named Mathilide Loisel, who was a â€Å"prima donna† of sorts. However she could not have certain things that cost too much because she did not have the money to buy the items she longed for. One night her husband brought home an invitation to a ball but she was not happy about this because she did not have a dress good enough to attendRead MoreFemale Repression of the 19th Century as Seen Thru the Two Stories: the Necklace and the Story of an Hour652 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen treated as the lesser entity, having no sense of self-being or worth. These feelings led women to feel repressed in their everyday life. It was in the late nineteenth century when literary writers started to expose this female repression. Guy de Maupassant and Kate Chopin clearly express definitive examples of female repression i n their stories, The Necklace and The Story of an Hour. During this time period, women’s role in society was that of a submissive, powerless position. They often reliedRead MoreThe Story of an Hour and the Necklace Essay2858 Words   |  12 PagesTHE NECKLACE 1 The Story of an Hour amp; The Necklace Cindy Rohwer ENG 125 Douglas Goss September 8, 2012 THE STORY OF AN HOUR amp; THE NECKLACE Read MoreThe Unfortunate Woman in The Necklace by Guy Maupassant464 Words   |  2 Pagesprevious unhappy marriage, and he was cruel to women in his life and in fiction. This led him to writing â€Å"The Necklace†. â€Å"The Necklace† is about a woman who wants more beauty and she loses a necklace, which changes her physical appearance, and makes her life catastrophic. Guy Maupassant develops the theme that you should should be grateful what you have through the use of irony, foreshadowing, and mood. First, irony has a main role in â€Å"The Necklace†.â€Å"Oh, my poor Mathilde. But mine was only paste. Why

Principles Of Corporate Finance Essentials Of Investment - Free Sampl

Questions: To fill out the first table, you will need to select 3 bonds with maturities between 10 and 20 years with bond ratings of "A to AAA," "B to BBB" and "C to CC" (you may want to use bond screener at the Web site linked above).All of these bonds will have these values (future values) of $1,000. You will need to use a coupon rate of the bond times the face value to calculate the annual coupon payment. You should subtract the maturity date from the current year to determine the time to maturity. The Web site should provide you with the yield to maturity and the current quote for the bond. (Be sure to multiply the bond quote by 10 to get the current market value.) You will then need to indicate whether the bond is currently trading at a discount, premium, or par. Bond Company/ Rating Face Value (FV) Coupon Rate Annual Payment (PMT) Time-to Maturity (NPER) Yield-to-Maturity (RATE) Market Value (Quote) Discount, Premium, Par A-Rated $1,000 B-Rated $1,000 C-Rated $1,000 Explain the relationship observed between ratings and yield to maturity. Explain why the coupon rate and the yield to maturity determine why the bonds would trade at a discount, premium, or par. Based on the material you learn in this Phase, what would you expect to happen to the yield to maturity and market value of the bonds if the time to maturity was increased or decreased by 5 years? Answers: The completed table is shown below (Morningstar, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c) There is an inverse relationship between credit rating and yield to maturity. This is primarily because corporate bonds having lesser credit rating are more vulnerable to default and hence there is a higher risk for the investors. As a result, investors tend to expect a higher yield on these bonds that acts as compensation to the additional risk assumed by the investor (Damodaran, 2008). The coupon rate along with the YTM defines whether the bond would be traded at a premium, par or discount. Hence, when the coupon rate and YTM are equal, then the bonds tend to trade at par since the coupon rate offered is equal to the yield expected by the investors. However, when the coupon rate is greater than the YTM, then the bond would trade at a premium (i.e. greater than the par value) since the coupon offered by the bond is greater than the expected yield on the bond due to which there is a greater demand of such bonds in the market. Additionally, when the coupon rate is lower than the YTM, then the bond would trade at a discount (i.e. lesser than par value) as the coupon offered by the bond is less than that expected by the investors (Kane Marcus, 2013). A decrease in the maturity date tends to decrease the YTM and thus increases the bond prices. Whereas, an increase in the maturity date tends to increase the YTM and thus decreases the bond prices (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). CAPM Approach The completed table is shown below (Yahoo Finance, 2016). Company 5-year Risk-Free Rate of Return Beta () 5-Year Return on Top 500 Stocks Required Rate of Return (CAPM) Microsoft 1.45% 1.02 8.77% 8.92% Apple 1.45% 1.06 8.77% 9.21% IBM 1.45% 0.63 8.77% 6.06% The riskfree rate is taken as the yield on US treasury 5 year bond that comes out as 1.45% pa. The beta of the various stocks has been estimated from Yahoo Finance website. As per the CAPM model (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Required rate of return = Risk free rate + Beta*(Market return Risk free rate) Required rate of return (Microsoft) = 1.45 + 1.02*(8.77-1.45) = 8.92% pa Required rate of return (Apple) = 1.45 + 1.06*(8.77-1.45) = 9.21% pa Required rate of return (IBM) = 1.45 + 0.63*(8.77-1.45) = 6.06% pa Valuation using Gordon Model Company Current Dividend ($) Projected Growth Rate (next year) Required Rate of Return (CAPM) Estimated Stock Price (Gordon Model) Current Stock Price Over/Under Priced Microsoft 1.24 4% 8.92% 26.2 50.80 Over Apple 2.08 4.5% 9.21% 46.2 96.30 Over IBM 5.2 3.5% 6.06% 210.2 129.56 Under Estimated stock price (Microsoft) = 1.24*1.04/(0.0892-0.04) = $26.2 Estimated stock price (Apple) = 2.08*1.045/(0.0921-0.045) = $ 46.2 Estimated stock price (IBM) = 5.2*1.035/(0.0606-0.035) = $ 210.2 Valuation using P/E ratio Company Estimated Earning (next year) P/E Ratio Estimated Stock Price (P/E) Current Stock Price Over/Under Priced Microsoft 3.12 33.51 104.5 50.80 Under Apple 10.49 10.35 108.6 96.30 Under IBM 15.01 8.97 133.14 129.56 Under All the relevant data for the above table has been obtained from Yahoo Finance (2016). As per the Gordon dividend growth model, Estimated stock price = Dividend next year/(Required return dividend growth rate) Thus, the estimated stock price is inversely proportional to the required return on stock while it is directly proportional to the dividend growth rate. This is primarily because a higher dividend growth rate would increase the numerator and also would decrease the denominator and thus, lead to a higher estimated stock price. Additionally, a higher dividend paying stock would have a higher value assuming that denominator remains constant similar to the higher price of a higher coupon paying bond assuming YTM as constant. As per the Gordon dividend model, the current stock is the present value of all the dividends that would be paid over the life of the stock assuming perpetual holding period (Kane Marcus, 2013). Advantage of Gordon Growth Model It is an easy and convenient method to estimate the value of the stock of a particular company irrespective of the industry it belongs to (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). Disadvantages of Gordon Growth Model It cannot be used to estimate the stock price of those companies that do not pay dividends (Marcus Kane, 2013). It does not give emphasis to factors other than dividends for the determination of stock price particularly the presence of intangible assets that are critical in modern knowledge based economy (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). The dividend growth does not remain constant and typically varies even for mature stocks. The dividend growth rate always has to be lower than the required rate on equity that is not always true and thus, prices of such stocks cannot be determined (Damodaran, 2008). The P/E approach primarily relies on estimation of EPS in the next year and multiplying that with the current P/E ratio so as to determine the estimated price of the stock in the next year assuming that P/E ratio remains constant (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). Hence, estimated value of stock = Current P/E ratio * Estimated EPS in the next year The P/E model seems to be more accurate in determining the value of stock. This is primarily because the prices in the Gordon dividend growth model are highly sensitive to the dividend growth rate that cannot be predicted with high degree of accuracy in the future. As a result, the values obtained through P/E multiple are closer to the current market price (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). If the growth rate of the company would increase, then the value of the stock would increase as the next year dividend would increase while the denominator in Gordon growth model would decrease. An increase in the required rate of return would lower the stock value. Further, an increase in the dividends would increase the stock price in line with the Gordon growth model where the stock price is directly proportional to the dividends being paid. If the EPS of the stock would increase, then the stock price would increase due to higher profitability in line with the P/E approach (Damodaran, 2008). References Brealey, R., Myers, S. Allen, F. (2008), Principles of Corporate Finance, New York: McGraw Hill Publications Damodaran, A. (2008), Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Kane, B.Z. Marcus, A.J. (2013). Essentials of Investment, Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Morningstar (2016a), Verizon Communications Inc, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://quicktake.morningstar.com/stocknet/bonds.aspx?symbol=vz Morningstar (2016b), KLA-Tencor Corp, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 ttp://quicktake.morningstar.com/StockNet/bonds.aspx?Symbol=KLACcountry=USA Morningstar (2016c), Oracle Corp, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://quicktake.morningstar.com/StockNet/bonds.aspx?Symbol=ORCLcountry=USA Parrino, R. Kidwell, D. (2011), Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Yahoo Finance (2016), Historical prices, Yahoo Finance, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://finance.yahoo.com/

Biggart and Swedberg Views on Capitalist Development

Cameron Crowe essays

Cameron Crowe essays Cameron Crowe is one of Hollywood's premier filmmakers. He began his cinematic career by penning the screenplay for the wildly popular 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High, and he made his directorial debut in 1989 with Say Anything . . . , a sophisticated teen romance. Crowe is perhaps best known, though, for the 1996 film Jerry Maguire, which received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture, and Almost Famous, which earned the Academy Award in 2001. Crowe was born on July 13, 1957, in Palm Springs, California. His father was a real estate agent and his mother was a teacher, activist, and all-around live wire. He had two older sisters, but one died during childhood. Crowe was a sickly child, suffering from the kidney disease nephritis, but he was also very bright. He skipped kindergarten and two primary grades. For this reason, Crowe never really felt comfortable with his school peers throughout his adolescence. Crowe did enjoy writing for the school newspaper. By the time he was thirteen, he was also writing for the San Diego Door, an underground newspaper, and he soon began submitting articles to the popular-music magazines Creem and Circus. Crowe graduated in 1972 at age fifteen, and on a trip to Los Angeles met Ben Fong-Torres, the editor of Rolling Stone, who hired him to write for the magazine. During his seven years with Rolling Stone, Crowe profiled such artists as the Allman Brothers Band, the Eagles, Peter Frampton, King Crimson, and Led Zeppelin. At age nineteen and still boyish, Crowe came up with the idea to pose undercover as a high school student and write about his experiences. At the school he made friends and began to fit in. Crowe described his assignment as "the senior year I never had." Fast Times at Ridgemont High: A True Story is the book that resulted from Crowe's year in high school. It focused on six main characters and chronicles their activities in typical teenage settings such as school, the ...

Degree Rationale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Degree Rationale - Essay Example It was not until one of my dearest friends encouraged me to attend college that I found an interest in a definite career. This eventually led me to Corning Community College which I attended classes full of hope and enthusiasm. However, the stress of working full time, attending college full time, and being a mother, was so physically taxing that I was not accomplishing any of these tasks satisfactorily. Eventually, convinced that I had no other choice, I was compelled to give up my studies and devote my time to remain gainfully employed in order to take care of my son. For years, I struggled with trying to decide exactly what it was I wanted to do with my life. My past job led me to realize that I was â€Å"smart† enough and that I had potential to become whatever I wanted in life. My supervisor taught me that education will provide me with the tools and knowledge I need to understand and participate in today’s world. This is what motivated me into returning to Corning Community College. Here I found the means of fulfilling my desire for learning. Although I still was undecided of what I wanted to do, my hard work and determination paid off by uplifting my self-esteem, which I struggled with all my life. During my last semester at Corning Community College, I felt honored to be included in the Dean’s list. For me that was an academic achievement, but also a personal accomplishment. It was not until attending some of my supervisor’s meetings at work and working by her side that I found an interest in Human Resources. At that very moment, I set a goal for my future to become a human resource generalist. I want to be able to help a company staff their organization and provide employees with the best resources to guide them through their employment. A friend advised me that Empire State College not only provides flexibility, but also a way to earn my bachelor’s degree and help provide me with the tools and knowledge I need to

Literature Review and Report (The Woolworths Management Success Story) Essay

Literature Review and Report (The Woolworths Management Success Story) - Essay Example This literature review analyzes the problems associated with overworking employees and provides alternative solutions. When employees work beyond a normal 40 hour week people sometimes develop an addiction to work. These types of employees are workaholics. According to a study performed at the University of North Carolina about one-fourth of the American workforce suffers from â€Å"workaholism† which is defined as a compulsive need to work at the expense of everything else in one’s life (All the Work and no Play Makes Your AP Staff Less Productive, 2008). When people put in extra hours at work it does not necessarily mean they are being more productive. These workers are typically exhausted from the excessive work load. They become more inefficient as a consequence and it takes them longer to accomplish tasks. Giving your employees excessive work tasks is not a sound business strategy and is actually counterproductive. In the United States businesses lost nearly $150 billion last year due to overworking their employees (All the Work and no Play Makes Your AP Staff Less Productive, 200 8). Overworking employees is detrimental to both the company and to the health of the employees. Overworked employees developed health issues such as panic attacks, headaches, tiredness, fatigue, sleeping disorders, irritability, and chronic stress among others. These health issues many times cause employees to lose work days due to sickness. When employees are overworked they lose motivation in the workplace and their job performance suffers. Overworking create a hostile business environment in which the employees feel consumed by the long hours they have to put in everyday. Employees that suffer from work related stress are susceptible to weight loss and to developing bad habits such as caffeine and nicotine addiction (News from Personnel Today, 2009). These addictions cause the employees to take extra

The Roots and Origins of Islamic Terrorism Essay Example for Free

The Roots and Origins of Islamic Terrorism Essay Since the 1970s terrorism against the US has been growing and on September 11th it became apparent that terrorism will be a major problem the US will face in the years ahead. The question this essay seeks to explore is: what is terrorism and what are some the causes of this anti-US terrorism? In order to find the causes of anti-US terrorism, this essay will research various academic works in an effort to find some explanations of what causes anti-US terrorism. I will examine a couple different hypothesis that try to explain the causes of terrorism, but my research I plan to argue that anti-US terrorism is rooted in political and social movements by angry Islamic fundamentalists who believe using non-conventional tactics are the most rational way to fight the US and the western powers. Terrorist groups, such as Al-Qaeda, do not see diplomacy with the US as an option to voice their demands because they see the US as a superpower that is unwilling to listen to their demands and also because most of the Arab governments are friends with the US. Because diplomacy is not an available option and there is an inability to formally fight the west militarily, terrorists groups have chosen to use non-traditional tactics to fight the west. Research into this issue is very important for political research because terrorism has become a major security issue for the US and other countries around the world. Also, research into the causes of terrorism is important because it is a tactic that non-state actors can and will be using the years ahead as a form of leverage against the US and the West. In my conclusion I will present some possible solutions how terrorism can hopefully be stopped in the future. Defining terrorism as one definite thing is not an easy task, but generally terrorism is considered to be non-conventional form of warfare that individuals or groups can use to fight for their agenda, whether it is a political, social, religious and/or economic cause. Terrorists use many non-conventional ways of fighting such as car bombs, keeping people hostage, and in some cases hijacking air planes. As a ‘weapon of the weak’, terrorism is deployed by groups to gain media attention and visibility as the first step in gaining ‘name recognition’ within the international community. (Nacos 1994). Through the publicity generated by their violence, terrorists seek to obtain the leverage, influence and power they otherwise lack to create political change on either a local or an international scale. The traditional laws of war do not apply  to terrorism, partly because terrorist groups do not abide to treaties on war, and also because terrorist groups use fear as their form of leverage, which is why it is okay for them to kill innocent people. In cases of groups such as Al-Qaeda killing innocent people is not considered a bad thing because to them there is a religious justification. Power has always played a crucial role in the international system and based on this principle we can believe that the struggle for power has a major influence on the decision of terrorist groups to commit acts of terrorism. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) In a study by David Sobek and Alex Braithwaite the two researchers hypothesize that as political, military, and diplomatic capabilities become concent rated into American and allied hands, the amount of terrorism directed against Americas interests will increase as a way to counter balance this power. Because terrorists are non-state actors they do not have access to conventional forms of fighting or the diplomatic channels that states use to resolve their disputes, they must use non-conventional forms of fighting. The choice to employ terrorist activities arises rationally from the environmental context within which these groups find themselves in, in that terrorism is the most cost-effective way for the terrorists to accomplish their goals. (Ajami 2001) The United States’ predominant position in the world affects the decision of terrorist groups to launch terrorist attacks against US interests internationally. As the United States becomes increasingly dominant, the amount of terrorism directed against it is likely to increase. Terrorism is seen by the terrorists as a counter-balancing mechanism. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) Increasing American dominance limits the ability of groups with revisionist views of the international system, such as that of the Palestinians, to be h eard, let alone changed. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) The options available for these groups to act are diplomacy, perhaps through a NGO or their home state if they are willing to listen, or terrorism, which is intended to create an instant response (Most Starr, 1989) From these choices, terrorist groups choose strategies that they see as rational that will maximize their expected outcome. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) This means that the decision to engage in terrorism relates directly to the expected efficacy of an action and the likely payoffs received if it is successful. For example the terrorist activities of 9/11 cost Al-Qaeda roughly 400,000  dollars and nineteen lives were lost in the process, but the outcome of causing thousands of deaths, several billion dollars of damage, and most importantly creating fear in the minds of millions of people world-wide was a very ‘cost-effective’ decision by Al-Qaeda to put world spotlight on their anti-US position. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) The desire to counter-balance the US and west and remove from the Middle East a long with belief that it possible has caused the creation of many terrorist groups since the 1970s. This anti-western feeling had been around for a long time, but the creation of Israel and the growing amount of western influence in the region really sparked terrorist movements in this time period. Groups such as Hezbollah, a Lebanese group that has been around since the 1980s, have realized that using non-conventional warfare, such as blowing up the US Embassy in Beirut, can be a way to fight and neutralize the conventional military superiority of a superpower. (Cannistraro and Giraldi 2007) This action seemed to be a victory for Hezbollah as US and French forces withdrew from the country after the bombing. This act of removing western countries using terrorism inspired other terrorist groups to try to fight Western influence in their home countries and to fight western countries in their homeland as see n by the attacks of 9/11 and the bombings in Madrid. It is a common misperception that terrorists are insane and not rational actors because they use tactics such as suicide, but this is not necessarily the case. Marc Sageman, a former CIA officer, studied the rationality of terrorists and found that the popular depictions of brainwashed or poor and uneducated terrorists are generally not true. He profiled 382 terrorists and his work reveals that terrorists are more likely to be normal, well-educated types with families and good professional-level jobs. (Sageman 2002) Most are middle or upper class and not poor, young, single, and/or deluded. (Sageman 2002) Only a small percentage had any religious education, and many, more than 70 percent, had some university education. (Sageman 2002) Sageman concluded that Al Qaeda and its associated groups are generally composed of men who are very well educated, well off, and stable. According to Vincent Cannistraro and Philip Giraldi terrorists act as they  do not because they are crazy but beca use they believe what they do will bring about change to the global political status quo. Terrorists see terrorism as a way to create power where there is none or to consolidate power where there is very little. (Hoffman 1998) For the global Salafist terrorists, the objective is to put an end to corrupt Arab regimes, replacing them with theocracies, and to bring and end to western influence from Muslim lands. For the regionally based groups such as Hamas, the purpose of terrorism is national liberation from occupying powers e.g. Israel. (Cannistraro and Giraldi 2007) It can also be argued that even though acts of terrorism are universally condemned, they stimulate media coverage of an issue and provide an opening for moderate organizations to ask the public to consider the legitimacy of what the terrorists are fighting for as a separate issue from the tactics the groups use i.e. it can be argued that the terrorism in Israel has increased awareness of poor conditions of the Palestinian people. (Adamson) Along with being a political movement, terrorism has now also become a sociological phenomenon in parts of the Muslim world and in the west. In parts of the Middle East terrorists groups begin to form when members of the society feel upset with their home government for working with the US or other reasons that make them feel outcast i.e. economic reasons, feeling less dignified than people of the west, etc. It usually takes a charismatic leader to take the frustration of the many outcast people and channel it into a movement. In the words of Eric Hoffer, it is usually â€Å"an externalizing hatemongering leader† who â€Å"manipulates the slime of discontented souls.† (Hoffer 1989) Terrorist group leaders, such as Osama Bin Laden, are considered to be a therapist for the group and they blame an external cause for their difficulties of the group and righteously justify aggression against the believed source i.e. the US. (Robins Post, 1997). Once members are recruited in to these groups, there is a clear fusing of individual identity and group identity, particularly among the more radical elements of each organization. This is true both for the Islamist terrorists of Hamas as well as Al Qaeda and the global Salafi jihad. (Post 2005) For members of these terrorist groups ‘success’ within the community is defined as fighting for ‘the cause,’ which can be thought of as political, social,  and religious growth of the groups beliefs. As young men adopt this view of success, their own self image becomes more intimately intertwined with the success of the organization. (Post 2005) With no other means to achieve status and ‘success,’ the organization’s success becomes central to individual identity and provides a â€Å"reason for living† for group members. (Post 2005) As an individual’s identity succumbs to the organization, there is no room for individuality, meaning no individual ideas, identity, and decision-making. At the same time self-perceived success becomes more and more linked to the organization This creates a cycle where group members have a direct need to increase the power and prestige of the group through increasingly dramatic and violent operations because this will increase their own perceived ‘success’ (Post 2005) This fusion with the group seems to provide the necessary justification for their actions and loss of responsibility to the individual. Guilt or remorse by the individual is not tolerated because the organization does not express it. This is intensified among Islamist groups who feel they have a moral obligation to the cause and a religiously sanctioned justification for their actions e.g. Jihad (Post 2005). In Europe and in the US terrorist groups have formed from a different social phenomenon. When Marc Sageman did his detailed study on 382 terrorists, he found some interesting information about the origins of many Al-Qaeda terrorists. Sageman found that the average al Qaeda–type terrorist has traveled, frequently studied in the West, and that many terrorists developed their radicalism while they were studying or working in the West. (Sageman 2002) He discovered that most terrorists entered into the jihadi cause from the bottom up, meaning that they volunteered and were not actively recruited. Sageman explains that these terrorists frequently drifted into radical mosques as an act of cultural assertion, often because they felt homesick or alienated from the dominant Western culture. Once there, they joined cliques or friendship groups of the like-minded people also searching for a new identity. (Sageman 2002) According to Sageman, â€Å"The groups are characterized by a sense of anomie, their social and political alienation eventually being attributed to the decadence, corruption, and immorality of the West.† The next step for these outcast individuals is to  join an organization that is doing something to combat and roll back the western values. Sageman concluded from his study that it is the â€Å"alienation arising from the misguided multiculturalism that treats Muslims like a group needing to be protected that creates its own sense of victimization.† (Sageman 2002) Another explanation that some might give to explain terrorism is that it is a psychological disorder that is caused by a pneumopathological consciousness that involves the construction of an imaginative â€Å"second reality† where terrorism has intended and magical effects. (Cooper 2005) This belief that terrorism is caused by a second reality says when individuals, who out of necessity exist within commonsensical or â€Å"first† reality attempt to live within the imaginative or fantasy-based second reality and characteristic frictions between the two arise. With respect to modern terrorism, the chief conflicts are between religious or spiritual realities and their symbolization and the realities of unfavorable living conditions in the Middle East relative to countries of the West. The tension between the first and second reality is brought to life by the perverse logic of this second reality that interprets murder as self-sacrifice according to this theory. (Cooper 200 5) No matter how pragmatically destructive these acts of political violence may be in commonsense terms, for the people existing imaginatively within a second reality, they â€Å"are sanitized by virtue of the fact that they are religiously symbolic. They are stripped of their horror by being invested with religious meaning.† (Juergensmeyer 1996) Of the different academic works I have looked into, this theory that terrorism is caused by a psychological disorder seems to be the least plausible. The problem with the theory is that it is not possible to test the psychological dysfunctions of the terrorists partly because of an internal belief in this theory that the terrorists are able to live in the ‘first reality.’ Also since other researchers such as Marc Sageman have done case studies that show that terrorists are rational and normal people, there is strong evidence that contradicts this theory. This theory does not take into account the strong evidence put forth by the other works I have  researched that convincingly explain how terrorism is a rational way for the terrorists to fight the west of social and political reasons. While it is true that some terrorists groups are fighting in the name of religion, most terrorists groups have used religion as a justification and cover up for doing violent acts that are politically and socially motivated. Overall, this belief that terrorism is caused by a pneumopathological consciousness does little in supporting my hypothesis. Some of the articles I read gave me support for my hypothesis that terrorism is caused by political and social forces. â€Å"The Long War† by Vincent Cannistraro and Philip Giraldi was one of the articles that supported my hypothesis. The general theme of the article was that social alienation from the West, revenge for previous blood debt, a desire to put an end to corrupt Arab regimes and replace them with theocracies along with bringing about a retreat of the West, particularly the United States, from Muslim lands is what causes terrorism. Also â€Å"Victim of Success† by David Sobeck and Alex Braithwaite supported my hypothesis because it explained terrorism as political maneuver by groups like Al Qaeda to counter balance the military and political superiority of the US. An article that supported my notion that terrorism also has social motivations was the case study of terrorists my Marc Sageman, which explain how social alienation by Muslims living in the west cau ses these groups to feel hatred toward the west and act on their feelings. With a better understanding of the political and social causes of terrorism better efforts should be made by US foreign policy makers to tackle these root causes. It will be difficult to stop Muslim extremists from feeling outcast from their home governments, but better efforts need to be made by people living in the west to understand Islam and the problems Muslims in the Middle East face. Also people in the west need to do a better job of helping Muslims living in the west to assimilate into western society so they do not feel social alienation. A lot of this social tension between Muslims and the west can possibly be fixed with better education of Islam in schools and less negative depictions of Muslims and the Middle East in the media. The political causes of terrorism will be a little bit more difficult to fix. It is not likely that the US will lessen its power, but the US could try to do more to change its policy that affects the millions of Muslims living in the Middle East. First, the US should stop this double-standard of promoting peace in Isreal, while at the same time giving full support militarily and economically to the Israeli government, which doing very little to help the Palestinians. Next, the US should try to stop supporting Arab governments which are very oppressive towards their people. Although it is unlikely, the US and US companies should try to reduce their presence in the Middle East because we are clearly not welcome and many of the people living in the area think we are exploiting them while also corrupting their way of life with our more liberal social values. Also what the US should do to help stop terrorism is to increase the legitimacy of using diplomacy in the region because doing so would make terrorism not the most rational option for these angry groups. The implications of US foreign policy in the Middle East are very important if we want to see terrorism come to an end. It is unfortunate that the Islamic fundamentalists had to resort to using terrorism to fight for their political and social causes, but if the US does more to understand their needs and frustrations of these peoples and also act on this information, then hopefully we will see an the end of this era of terrorism. References: Adamson, Fiona B. (2005). Globalization, Transnational Political Mobilization, and Networks of Violence. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, retrieved November 5, 2007, From Academic Search Premier database Ajami, F. (2001). The Uneasy Imperium: Pax Americana in the Middle East. How did this happen? Terrorism and the new war. Public Affairs Reports, Retrieved November 11, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database Cannistraro,Vincent; Giraldi,Philip.(2007). The Long War Mediterranean Q., (Duke University Press) Retrieved November 5, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Cooper, Barry. (2005). Terrorism and Globalization. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Hoffer, E. (1989). The true believer: Thoughts on the nature of mass movements. Harper and Rowe Perennial Library. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Juergensmeyer, Mark (1996) The Worldwide Rise of Religious Nationalism. Journal of International Affairs. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Most, B. and Starr, H. (1989). Inquiry, logic, and international politics. University of South Carolina Press. Retrieved November 11, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Nacos, B. (1994). Terrorism and the Media: From the Iran Hostage Crisis to the Oklahoma City Bombing. Columbia University Press. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Post,Jerrold M. (2005). When Hatred Is Bred in the Bone: Psycho-Cultural Foundations of Contemporary Terrorism. Polit.Psychol. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Robins, R Post, J (1997). Political paranoia: The psychopolitics of hatred. New Haven: Yale University Press. Retrieved November 11, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Sageman, Marc. (2002). Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from Academic Search Premier database Sobek,David Braithwaite,Alex (2005). Victim of Success: American Dominance and Terrorism. Conflict Management and Peace Science. Department of Political Science, Louisiana State University Department of Political Science, Pennsylvania State University Retrieved November 11 2007, From Academic Search Premier database

Imagery and Diction in The Fish by Elizabeth Bishop Essay -- The Fish

Imagery and Diction in The Fish by Elizabeth Bishop Elizabeth Bishop's use of imagery and diction in "The Fish" is meant to support the themes of observation and the deceptive nature of surface appearance. Throughout the course of the poem these themes lead the narrator to the important realization that aging (as represented by the fish) is not a negative process, and allows for a reverie for all life. Imagery and diction are the cornerstone methods implemented by Bishop in the symbolic nature of this poem. The title of the poem itself dictates the simplicity Bishop wishes to convey regarding the narrator's view of his catch. A fish is a creature that has preceded the creation of man on this planet. Therefore, Bishop supplies the reader with a subject that is essentially constant and eternal, like life itself. In further examination of this idea the narrator is, in relation to the fish, very young, which helps introduce the theme of deceptive appearances in conjunction with age by building off the notion that youth is ignorant and quick to judge. Bishop's initial description of the fish is meant to further develop this theme by presenting the reader with a fish that is "battered," "venerable," and "homely." Bishop compares the fish to "ancient wallpaper." Even without the word ancient preceding it, the general conception of wallpaper is something that fades into the background. One is not supposed to take much notice of it. To add to this impartial picture, the fish is brown, the signature color of dullness. "Shapes like full-blown roses stained and lost through age" (lines 14-15) further cement the image of something with little time left. Fully bloomed roses conjure the image of a flower whose petals are at t... ...tor's growing relationship with the fish. She creates, first, an image of the fish as a helpless captive and the reader is allowed to feel sorry for the fish and even pity his situation as the narrator does. The narrator's relationship with the fish then grows to one of personal regard as he engages in further study and is able to look past his initial observation. The parting image of the rainbow offers a perfect way to drive home the process of aging as a dignified and even celebratory act. Not only is it a very optimistic image of color and gaiety, but the rainbow is traditionally paired with the concept of treasure once the end of it is reached. When applied to the intended message of the poem, it may be interpreted that Bishop is implying that nearing the end of one's life is like nearing the end of the rainbow and accepting a reward for a life well lived. Imagery and Diction in The Fish by Elizabeth Bishop Essay -- The Fish Imagery and Diction in The Fish by Elizabeth Bishop Elizabeth Bishop's use of imagery and diction in "The Fish" is meant to support the themes of observation and the deceptive nature of surface appearance. Throughout the course of the poem these themes lead the narrator to the important realization that aging (as represented by the fish) is not a negative process, and allows for a reverie for all life. Imagery and diction are the cornerstone methods implemented by Bishop in the symbolic nature of this poem. The title of the poem itself dictates the simplicity Bishop wishes to convey regarding the narrator's view of his catch. A fish is a creature that has preceded the creation of man on this planet. Therefore, Bishop supplies the reader with a subject that is essentially constant and eternal, like life itself. In further examination of this idea the narrator is, in relation to the fish, very young, which helps introduce the theme of deceptive appearances in conjunction with age by building off the notion that youth is ignorant and quick to judge. Bishop's initial description of the fish is meant to further develop this theme by presenting the reader with a fish that is "battered," "venerable," and "homely." Bishop compares the fish to "ancient wallpaper." Even without the word ancient preceding it, the general conception of wallpaper is something that fades into the background. One is not supposed to take much notice of it. To add to this impartial picture, the fish is brown, the signature color of dullness. "Shapes like full-blown roses stained and lost through age" (lines 14-15) further cement the image of something with little time left. Fully bloomed roses conjure the image of a flower whose petals are at t... ...tor's growing relationship with the fish. She creates, first, an image of the fish as a helpless captive and the reader is allowed to feel sorry for the fish and even pity his situation as the narrator does. The narrator's relationship with the fish then grows to one of personal regard as he engages in further study and is able to look past his initial observation. The parting image of the rainbow offers a perfect way to drive home the process of aging as a dignified and even celebratory act. Not only is it a very optimistic image of color and gaiety, but the rainbow is traditionally paired with the concept of treasure once the end of it is reached. When applied to the intended message of the poem, it may be interpreted that Bishop is implying that nearing the end of one's life is like nearing the end of the rainbow and accepting a reward for a life well lived.

Epistemology and Knowledge Essay

Epistemology, or the study of knowledge, requires the scholar analyze the what, how, and why’s of their own knowledge. Asking these questions of themselves is essentially applying that which they have learned. There are different origins of knowledge as conceptualized by philosophers, educators, and scientists. Early philosophers defined knowledge as â€Å"justified true belief† (Cooper, pg. 23). In order for an individual to know something it must be true, he or she must believe it, and the belief in it must be justified or rationally reasonable. Later, early modern philosophers required knowledge to be proven and absolute. The scientific method was employed to provide proof for ideas and beliefs. The means by which knowledge is acquired varies. Feldman cites sources of knowledge as perception, expert testimony, memory, reasoning, and introspection (Feldman, 2003). As an educator, instructing primary age students on a daily basis, I must not only have great insight into what I believe, but I also must have insight into my student’s knowledge as well. Instructors need to know a number of things about their students, such as: Do the students have adequate prior knowledge to understand the new material being presented? Are the students sufficiently motivated to engage in the cognitive tasks required of them? Does the information fit an existing scheme of knowledge or will it require some alteration of current understanding? Understanding what my student know and at what depth they are able to apply that knowledge guides my instruction. My natural curiosity, a natural inclination for question, and a need for answers motivate the search for explanations. Knowledge and wisdom give an understanding of our position, role, and function in the world. Achterbergh and Vriens (2002) stated, â€Å"The role of knowledge in generating appropriate actions is that it serves as a background for articulating possible courses of action (articulation), for judging whether courses of action will yielded the intended result and for using this judgment in selecting among them (selection), for deciding how actions should be implemented and for actually implementing action (implementation)† (pg. 223). Knowledge enables interpretation of experiences, predictions of consequences, and provides the ability to make informed decisions. My own personal epistemology is a product of each of these views. Personal experiences have a major influence on beliefs and should be an acceptable source of knowledge but not the only consideration when acquiring knowledge. There is also a place for the scientific method which offers proven data to base knowledge. For me, knowledge is a product of reasoning (Feldman, 2003). I derive knowledge from information imported through different modes and from various sources, such as personal experiences, advice from experts, and data. These inputs of information are cognitively processed and filtered with the reference to past experience and prior knowledge to become new â€Å"justified true beliefs† (Cooper, ). Thus, knowledge acquisition is a process involving the collection of raw data or information, reasoning, and judgment making. For example, after my students have taken a test, I look at the data, think about the patterns in the data, or the lack of a pattern using prior knowledge and experiences as a filter. Finally, I decide what my next step or strategy will be. Do I need to reteach the subject because the pattern suggests that most of my students did not fully understand the skill or concept? Or do I move on to another more complex skill or concept because my students have proven themselves knowledgeable? It is in this way that I acquire knowledge and apply that knowledge to planning lessons for my students. Many of my colleagues rely solely on the scientific method to make decisions in regards to student learning. They are satisfied with looking at a spreadsheet full of data and believe that it tells the complete story in regards to students. They are also under the assumption that scores derived from a series of multiple choice tests given on a set of skills will reveal if a student has acquired the desired knowledge. Basing grades on these tests is also appropriate. I do not believe that this tells the full story of my student’s knowledge. These tests may demonstrate the ability to regurgitate this knowledge within a certain context, but out of this context this may not be true. I do, however, use this data to help inform many of my decisions, however, I do not make decisions based exclusively on this data. There must be a balance  of reasoning, using my 16 years of experiences and training, as well as raw data tells a more complete story of my student’s knowledge and abilities. I have worked for Porterville Unified School District (PUSD), in Porterville, California, my entire career. PUSD’s vision and mission statements read as follows: â€Å"PUSD students will have the skills and knowledge to be prepared for college and career and to make a positive impact in a dynamic global society. The mission of PUSD is to provide students a dynamic, engaging and effective educational experience that prepares them with the skills to be productive citizens in a global society. † As a result, it is perceived that all students will develop and demonstrate â€Å"critical thinking and problem solving skills; cultural awareness and the ability of collaborate with diverse groups; effective communication skills of listening, speaking and writing; creativity and innovation; leadership, self-management and organizational skills obtained through real world applications and community involvement; (and) the ability to navigate the global world of work and further their education (Porterville, 2012). † Porterville Unified (PUSD) has given explicit expectations for what students should know at the end of their educational career with the district, how students get to these end goals is a little less clear and left to the judgment of the teachers. There are some expectations of teachers and lessons presented to students given by the district. Many professional development hours have been spent on instructing teachers about the specific things that administrators will look for as they do brief observations of classroom instruction. The expectations include teaching explicitly to the essential standards; posting of the essential standard being taught; 80% student engagement during the lesson; display of exemplary work; higher order questioning and thinking skills. Administrators collect this data and share it with grade levels and school wide to help teachers focus on areas that are lacking. Administrator walk-throughs give a quick snap shot of the type of teaching and learning taking place during a lesson and they help to build a holistic picture of the teaching methods and resources being used (Hetzner, 2011). PUSD has placed an emphasis on the strategies needed for effective lessons and, in turn, effective student learning. As a 4th grade teacher for Porterville Unified School District, my task is to create daily lesson plans that serve to guide me as I teach my students. My first step in creating these lessons is to determine my student’s level of prior knowledge. I can accomplish this by looking at formal and informal assessments and data. Observation of this data gives me a better understanding of what my next steps with my student should be. In some cases, I need to go back and reteach skills, while in other cases I can teach my students a new skill. I have to make an informed decision as to what cognitive level I need to teach to next. Awareness of how my students are performing as well as where I need to be as far as pacing and staying on track to get through all the skills needed to be taught within the year are vital to my daily task as a 4th grade teacher. As I compare my personal epistemology with that of my district, I realize that I spend more time assessing data after the lesson has been taught while the district places more emphasis on data collected during a lesson. Both of these approaches are valuable and, in fact, the district does place value on the end result (i. e. State test scores), however, there is little action that can take place after the end of the year data is collected. PUSD has placed and emphasis on good instruction because they see it as the road to a good education, as well as, the skills and goals they have set in the mission and vision statements. Our epistemologies align in that we both rely on the research of experts. I trust, as does PUSD, that the data given by experts is valuable to our own knowledge and it should guide how I teach my students. The district also views its teachers as experts in the field and has given many freedoms in the presentation and uses of resources when teaching students. As I reflect on my school districts focus as compared to me I realize that even though our epistemologies are not exactly aligned we are aligned in our focus of the students. Students come first. That means I will use whichever strategies I need to in order to create effective student learning. Reviewing test scores and planning lessons are vital to student learning, however, I have been so centered on what I am teaching that my students have not been engaged as well as they could be and thus have not learned the subject matters to their full potential. Also, although pacing is important, it should not be of top priority. Top priority should be assessing my students during the lesson and changing strategies, or even the skills being taught, if my students are not engaged. There is no point in plowing through a lesson if the majority of my students are not listening to what is being taught. This new insight will definitely help to drive my instruction and will help make me a more effective teacher. References: Achterbergh,J. , Vriens, D. (May-June 2002). Managing viable knowledge. â€Å"Systems Research and Behavioral Science. † V19i3p223 (19). Cooper, D. E. (Ed. ). (1999). Epistemology: The classic readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Feldman R. (2003). Epistemology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hetzner, Amy, 2011. Walk-throughs give school administrators firsthand view of staff in action. JSOnline: Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal Sentinel. May 14, 2011. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://www. jsonline. com/news/education/121843078. html Porterville Unified School District, 2012 . PUSD: Vision and mission statements. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://dnn. portervilleschools. org/dotnetnuke/District/VisionMission. aspx.

The Main Arguments for and Against Hunting

Legitimate arguments abound for and against hunting for the control of the population of deer and other â€Å"nuisance† wildlife; or for sustenance for people who kill animals so they can eat them. For many people, the issue is complex, particularly for those who are (and intend to remain) meat-eaters. After reading the arguments pro and con, you may find yourself leaning strongly to one side—or you may find that youre still on the fence. What Is Meant by Hunting? Most people who argue in favor of hunting are not arguing in favor of trophy hunting, the practice of killing an animal simply to show off its head and pelt. Trophy hunting is, in fact, abhorred by the majority of the public. Often, the animal being hunted is a rare or endangered animal, but even trophy hunting for wolves, moose,  and  bears  is unpalatable to many people.   The killing of wild animals for food is a different story. Though it was, at one time, a way of life so people could survive, today, hunting is a controversial issue because it is frequently regarded as a recreational activity. Many people are concerned about safety issues, and society’s attitudes towards animals are changing. Some hunters oppose certain practices they consider unethical, such as baiting, canned hunting (in fenced areas), and hunting of stocked animals. At the heart of the non-trophy hunting debate in the United States is one  species: white-tailed deer. In many areas in the U.S., white-tailed deer flourish because of the lack of natural predators and the abundance of deer-friendly habitat. As pockets of green space shrink and disappear in our suburbs, the species has become the center of the debate over hunting, and many who consider themselves neither hunters nor  animal activists  find themselves drawn into the debate. The debate centers on practical and ethical issues including deer management, human/deer conflicts, non-lethal solutions, and safety. Arguments in Favor of Hunting Hunting proponents argue that hunting is safe, effective, necessary, and inexpensive to taxpayers.The injury rate for hunting is lower than that of some other forms of physical recreation, such as football and bicycling.Proponents argue that hunting is an effective form of deer management because it will remove a number of individual deer from a population and prevent those individuals from reproducing.Since natural deer predators have been eliminated in many areas, hunters argue that hunting is necessary to perform the function of wolves or cougars in keeping the deer population in check.Hunting proponents also argue that reducing the deer population will reduce human/deer conflicts, such as car/deer collisions,  Lyme disease, and landscaping damage.Compared to sharpshooters and immunocontraception, hunting is inexpensive to taxpayers because hunters will kill the deer for free. Also, hunting permits are sold by state wildlife management agencies, which are partially or fully supp orted by the sales of permits.Hunters argue that killing the deer is better than letting them starve to death.Hunters argue that hunting is a tradition, a ritual or a bonding experience.Regarding ethics, hunting proponents argue that killing a deer for food cannot be worse than killing a cow or a chicken. Furthermore, unlike the cow or the chicken, the deer lived a free and wild life before being killed and had a chance to escape.Hunters also argue that killing a number of deer benefits the ecosystem as a whole. Arguments Against Hunting Hunting opponents argue that hunting is unsafe, ineffective, unnecessary, and unfair to taxpayers.Opponents point out that compared to other forms of recreation, hunting injuries are far more likely to be fatalities. Approximately 100 people die in  hunting accidents  in the US every year, and unlike other forms of recreation, hunting endangers the entire community and not just the willing participants.Opponents also argue that hunting is ineffective for solving human/deer conflicts. Studies show that car/deer collisions increase during hunting season because hunters frighten the deer out of the woods and onto roads.Contrary to popular belief, hunting  does not address Lyme disease  because the ticks are usually spread to grassy areas where humans find them by mice, not deer. In fact, hunters who dress deer or squirrels have a higher risk of tick bites.And as long as suburban landscaping includes deer-preferred plants such as tulips and rhododendrons, that landscaping will at tract hungry deer, no matter  how many deer  there are.It may also be the case that hunting to reduce the number of deer is less effective than contraception. Hunting is ineffective because state wildlife management agencies intentionally keep the deer population high, for hunters.Lands managed for hunting are sometimes purchased and maintained with tax dollars, even though 95% of Americans do not hunt.Hunters out for trophies, such as elk and deer with large racks, are killing the strongest and healthiest of the species, not the weak and starving they claim to be putting out of their misery. Killing the stronger members of the species leaves a permanent consequence for the species as a whole. Resolution The hunting debate may never be resolved. The two sides will continue to debate safety, effectiveness, and cost, but will probably never agree on the ethics of killing wild animals for food or recreation.