Voltaire - 1117 Words

What Influences Enzyme Activity Biology Lab 2010-09-25 Summary In this lab we learned about what influences enzyme activity. We learned many terms and concepts in this lab. Enzymes decreases the amount of energy needed in a reaction. Catalyst speeds up reaction. A substrate is what the material with which catalyst reacts. A product is the modification of the substrate. This was a very informative and good lab. Materials 1. 1 Reaction spot plate 2. 3 Small Cups 3. 3 Plastic pipettes 4. 1 Bottle starch indicator solution. 5. Prepared starch solution 6. Prepared diastase solution 7. Distilled water 8. Clock with second hand 9. Bottle of dilute hydrochloric†¦show more content†¦2. Add two drops of starch solution in each of the two wells. 3. Add a drop of enzyme solution to only one of the wells. The other well without enzyme added to it will be your control. 4. After 3 minutes, test for the presence of sugar formation in both of the wells. Wait 10 seconds, then observe and record any color change in Table 4. The indicator changes color in varying degrees, from the initial pink to dark purple in the presence of increasing concentrations of glucose. A color change after 10 seconds is indicative of glucose production from the digestion of starch. 5. After testing for glucose, add one drop of the starch indicator solution to both wells to test for the presence of starch. Record your observations. Results Table Number 1- Reaction Times With Increasing Enzyme Concentration |Number of Drops of Enzyme |Reaction Time (sec) | |1 |360 | |2 |60 | |3 |40 |Show MoreRelated Voltaire760 Words   |  4 Pages Voltaire was a talented, assertive, and controversial French writer from the eighteenth century enlightenment period. He was born in 1694 to a wealthy family in Paris, and given the name Francois-Marie Arouet. During the early years of his life Voltaire endured many hardships. For instance, his mother passed away when he was seven leaving only his father and older brother to raise him. Unfortunately, this added insult to injury as Voltaire despised both his father and brother. NeverthelessRead MoreVoltaire s Candide By Voltaire2264 Words   |  10 Pages Candide by Voltaire Book Critique Emma Joy Mr. Boni World History 2- Period 2 12/19/14 I. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Bantam Books, 1959. Candide by Voltaire is a very educational and informative piece. It was chosen to be read so the students could gain a better understanding of some of the written pieces in the Enlightenment. Voltaire also makes many references as to what life was like in the 18th century. Voltaire not only describes the scenery but he gives a description ofRead MoreVoltaire s View Of Voltaire1213 Words   |  5 PagesVoltaire was an enlightenment provider who wrote many play and books. He was a famous writer, who made a lot of money and he wanted money. So everything he accomplished, he did because he thought people are going to buy for him to be rich. One of his most famous is the story of Candide in which he wrote to be entertained. The book is a satire in which Voltaire in some way criticizes the institutions, and the people. Although Voltaire’s societies had many advances, this made him criticize differentRead MoreVoltaire2028 Words   |  9 Pagescollection of written documents tha t Voltaire wrote between 1726 and 1729 on his experiences he had while staying in England. After its publication in French in 1734, many people of French ethnicity saw it as a bashing of the French government, and even a little bit on the Catholic religion. Voltaire does seem to be fairly favorable towards the English in his letters, which is understandable after he was exiled in his homeland of France multiple times. In many cases Voltaire saw in England what he wishedRead MoreCandide by Voltaire948 Words   |  4 Pagesbeliefs of an opposing philosopher of the Enlightenment period . But perhaps the most powerful of his satires in his novel is on religion. Voltaire believes in God, but rather a forceful disapproval of religion. He believes that all people should serve God in their own way instead of being told how to believe God through religious officials. The first example of Voltaire mocking religion is after Candide leaves the castle of Baron Von Thunder Ten Tronckh of West phalia. Devastated by the loss of his relationshipRead MoreVoltaire And His Candide - Voltaire s Candide1211 Words   |  5 PagesVoltaire and his Candide Introduction Voltaire is the leader of the French Enlightenment, he enjoyed high prestige in the enlightenment movement. His life was spent in against the feudal regime system and the reactionary forces of the church (Gorbatov, 2006). Voltaire was knowledgeable, he had many works (including philosophy, history, literature, science, etc., throughout his literary creation, the most valuable was his philosophical novels (Sutcliffe, 2000). These novels maintained the vitalityRead MoreCandide by Voltaire847 Words   |  3 Pagesenlightenment thinkers and philosophers. Voltaire demonstrates three different enlightenment thoughts or views in his work: anti-feudalism, optimism, and the hypocrisy of the Christian church. Perhaps the most common and well-known characteristic of the Enlightenment was anti-feudalism. Philosophers during the Enlightenment advocated against the separation of the nobility from the other social classes and tried to obtain equality among all human beings. In Candide Voltaire writes about the outlandish actionsRead MoreVoltaire and The Enlightenment1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Enlightenment was revolutionary because of Voltaire, a writer that used his ideas to attack the established Catholic Church, and to propagate the freedom of religion, scientific thoughts, skepticism and experiential philosophy. Voltaire was born in 1694, a year that was under the regiment of Louis XIV. At that time, the aristocracy ruled France in an extreme way that most commoners were struggling in poverty. From a middle-class family, Voltaire did not like the political environment of FranceRead MoreEssay Voltaire549 Words   |  3 PagesVoltaire The building blocks of the Enlightenment were formed out of a desire for truth, reason, and freedom – virtually contingent upon the last. An examination of Voltaire’s Candide and La Feyette’s Princess of Cleves, both well recognized pieces of the period, exemplify two views of freedom, the first based on its use in moderation and the latter making it a relative term. Relative freedom meaning it is correspondent to one’s social, economic, and religious place with in society. InRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment By Voltaire1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. Do some research on Voltaire and his beliefs as well as the era in which he wrote, which was the Age of Enlightenment. Be sure to cite your sources of information. The Age of Enlightenment occurred from the 1620s until the 1780s. This movement began in England, and steadily spread almost worldwide before long. The term Enlightenment was used to contrast the Dark Ages, a time in which innovation and free-thinking was at an all-time low. Voltaire’s French philosophy included free-thinking and

Reflection On The Cold War - 1110 Words

Cold War Project Reflection - Humanities 10 After World War II, the Cold War was another significant event that occurred in the 20th century, which had an dominant effect on many aspects in the American society. The United States and the Soviet Nation fought as allies during Word War II against the Nazi army, however, the relationship between the two unions were intense due to their different political perspectives. Soon after WWII, tensions between the U.S. and the USSR escalated; being the two most powerful forces in the world, the conflict between them became a global issue. The U.S., representing capitalism and democracy, was afraid and concerned of the spread of communism, represented by Russian leader Joseph Stalin. The entire Cold†¦show more content†¦The Korean War also changed the U.S. domestically; it gave reasons to the U.S. to expand and increase its military power, which were the foundations of the military industrial complex that lasted through the entire Cold War. Another positive thing that happened b ecause of the Korean War was that it was the first time in U.S. history that black and white soldiers fought together; this act hugely affected the American patriotism, it was also the fundamental step of civil rights. Finally in the late 1900s, under the presidency of U.S. President George H. W. Bush, the Cold War was finally seeing its end. On December 3rd, 1989, President Bush and USSR leader Gorbachev held meeting to issue the long-lasting problems of the Cold War at the Malta Summit. In the meeting, Bush was optimistic about following the steps of arms control taken by the Reagen administration. On the other hand, Gorbachev emphasized the importance of peaceful and friendly relationship between the U.S. and the USSR, â€Å"The new U.S. president must know that the Soviet Union will not under any circumstances initiate a war. This is so important that I wanted to repeat the announcement to you personally. Moreover, the USSR is prepared to cease considering the U.S. as an enemy and announce this openly. At the end of the meeting, both sides agreed to work together to construct a treaty dealing with long-range nuclear weapons and conventional arms;Show MoreRelatedCold War Ethical Reflection1419 Words   |  6 PagesReflection of the Cold War The Cold War, from 1945 to 1991, is one of the most important periods of time that has greatly influenced and shaped the modern world. It was not just a battle between two super powers, the USA and the Soviet Union, but also a clash of two really popular ideologies during that time. There was the American claim of fighting for freedom and democracy and the Soviet claims of fighting for the interests of the workers and the common people. Now in theory, these ideologiesRead MorePoetry Analysis On Facing It798 Words   |  4 Pagessusceptible to the memories of war, pain, suffering, and death. Memorials such as the Vietnam Memorial bring back many memories for veterans when they view these memorials. Those memories can attack the mind, and cause a veteran to feel vulnerable. Many veterans can only associate those memorials with the pain, suffering, and death that they had seen while at war. Yusef Komunyakaa expresses the pain that is felt within war veterans when they remember mem ories of war and survival in his poem FacingRead MoreMcCarthyism and Documents of History1422 Words   |  6 PagesActivities, a reflection on the times of McCarthyism, and a political cartoon. The breeding grounds for McCarthyism developed in a time when the worlds two friendly alphas found it in their best interests to compete for the love and resolve of mother Earth. Initially, during World War Two the United States and the Soviet Union put their philosophies aside and formed a crucial alliance to asphyxiate Nazi inhumane hostility and expansion (Hewitt Lawson, 745). In contrast, Post World War Two, SeptemberRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Clock Shadows And Dark And Gritty 1583 Words   |  7 Pagesbearing five o’clock shadows and â€Å"dark and gritty† narratives are a reflection of the flawed and unrelenting modern-day reality that we inhabit. This age of morally gray storytelling is a stark contrast to the idealistic depictions of American society and â€Å"traditional family values† found throughout various 1950s television (Museum of Broadcast Communications). The force behind this shift from a rather jubilant, dreamlike state of Cold W ar era media, to the grim and cynical state of present-day film, televisionRead MoreRelationship Between The Cold War And Global White Supremacy853 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between the Cold War and global white supremacy is clear from Borstelmann’s writing. He demonstrates how the improvement of race relations both domestic and foreign were a necessity. If the U.S. did not fix how potential allies (specifically all post colonial countries) viewed the U.S., communism was sure to spread. Although Latham does not identify race as a reason for modernization both Latham and Borstelmann show that Aligning with these posts countries was necessary to preventRead MoreWatchmen, A Comic Book1295 Words   |  6 Pagesversion of 1985 where Nixon never resigned and had somehow repealed the 22nd Amendment. He is in his 3rd term as president when the story begins. Most of the events in the book take place in New York City. Cold War tensions are high between the U.S. and Russ ia. The only deterrent to Nuclear War is the presence of Dr. Manhattan. He is basically an omnipotent being (though he explains he is not a god), once human, who is fortunately on America’s side. Jon Osterman, as was Dr. Manhattan’s real name,Read MoreThe Cold War On American Culture Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a pivotal time in American history. To a greater degree than most other wars, the Cold War affected American society in unfathomable and profound ways. More specifically, American culture transformed immensely during this time. From a constant state of anxiety, to changes in media and the arts, to McCarthyism; the Cold War fervently affected the quality of life, personal expression, and American politics. Predominantly, the Cold War inflicted fear and apprehension within the AmericanRead MoreBook Review: First To Fight by Victor H. Krulak644 Words   |  3 PagesFight: An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps carry pointedly Cold War-related messages and imperatives. However, an open-minded consideration of the text demonstrates a particular relevance for the servicemen and women of todays U.S. Marine Corps. Krulaks telling of the Corps history is among the sections which retains its relevance. At all points, Krulaks historical reporting is clear, straightforward and in the cases of World War II, Korea and Vietnam, strengthened by the authors firsthandRead MoreThe Foundation Of The U.s. National Security Policy1077 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Ronald Reagan after the World War II, encouraging a restructure of the military through the National Security Act of 1947. The Department of War and the Department of Navy was unified into the National Military Establishment (NME), then renamed to Department of Defense with the purpose to have Army, Navy and Air Force into a unified structure. President Truman signed the National Security Act Amendment of 1949 in reflection to strategic changes to the Cold War facts. This paper explores the bookRead Moredoc 11148 Words   |  5 Pages The Cold War Era was a time in history where there was hostility between many different countries. The one mo st notable was the hostility between the Soviet Union and United States, the fight between Communism and Capitalism. As the most dominant country the U.S. offered assistance to countries threatened by Communism. They felt that Communism was wrong and was not the right way to run a government. Between the years 1945 and 1980 the United States and Soviet Union’s relationship was ruined, which

Essay about Mathildes Life of Unhappiness in The Necklace

In Guy De Maupassant?s ?The Necklace,? Mathilde Loisel is a young woman who dreams of wealth and of being envied by other women. Mathilde always wants more than what she has, and refuses to adjust to her middle class status which causes her to never achieve the happiness she seeks. At the beginning, Mathilde?s discontentment with her simple life causes her to have unrealistic dreams of wealth. She fantasizes of unattainable riches which causes her to view her life as being drab and dull. Maupassant conveys this in several different ways throughout the first paragraph. For example, ?Born, as if by an error of destiny, into a family of clerks and copyists. She had no dowry, no prospects, no way of getting know.? Given that she had no†¦show more content†¦She spends her life daydreaming about things she can not have, and this causes her to be miserable and tormented within herself. When the Loisels receive the dinner invitation, to the Ministry of Education Mathilde pouts. Her husband feels uneasiness when she manipulates him into buying her an expensive party dress. Instead of being delighted that her husband worked diligently to have the couple invited to a special occasion, she just throws the invitation on the table saying ?What do you expect me to do with this He does not understand her and can not sympathize with her unhappiness. Maupassant describes this when he states, ?He stopped, amazed and bewildered, as his wife began to cry. Large tears fell slowly from the corners of her eyes to her mouth.? He tries to persuade her to wear her theater dress to the special occasion. As an alternative he offers to buy her a new dress with the money that he has saved to buy a shotgun. Wearing her new dress, she proves to be a success at the ball by exhibiting self-confidence. Maupassant proves this by stating, She danced joyfully, passionately, intoxicated with pleasure, thinking of nothing but the moment, in the triumph of her beauty, in the glory of her success, on cloud nine with happiness made up of all the admiration, of all the aroused desire, of this victory so complete and so sweet to the heart of any women (Maupassant 8). Her self-confidence proves she has theShow MoreRelated Theme Analysis of Maupassants The Necklace Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages Guy De Maupassants short story The Necklace remarkably demonstrates how misfortune can lead to self improvement through the character Mathilde Loisel. Madame Mathilde was one of those beautiful and delightful young ladies with not very many high expectations, achievements, and no way to be accepted into the elaborate society and lifestyle in which she finds herself daydreaming about day and night. In Guy De Mauspassants `The Necklace, the author examines the theme of how learning a difficultRead More Necklace Assessment Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesNecklace Assessment The story begins by showing the reader the main character, Mathilde Losiel. The narrator tells the reader about Mathildes thought towards her life. The character seems unhappy because she thinks that by some error she was born lower in the hierarchy, than she was made for. You are drawn into the story when you see the differences between her supposed life and the life she is living. You feel that she might get to live her supposed life when the story progresses. YouRead MoreMaupassant’s The Necklace Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pageslived the life of a painfully distressed woman, who always believed herself worthy of living in the upper class. Although Mathilde was born into the average middle class family, she spent her time daydreaming of her destiny for more in life... especially when it came to her financial status. Guy de Maupassant’s short story, â€Å"The Necklace†, tells a tale of a vain, narcissistic housewife who longed for the aristocratic lifestyle that she believed she was creditable for. In describing Mathilde’s self-servingRead MoreThe Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1034 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Necklace.† Guy de Maupassant, a French writer, born in 1850, was considered one of France’s greatest short-story writers. His writings were mostly influenced by the divorce of his parents when he was thirteen years old and by great write rs such as Shakespeare, Schopenhauer, and Flauber. His parent’s divorce caused his stories to depict unhappiness of matrimony, deceit, miscommunication, and a profound misunderstanding (Maupassant, Guy de, 1850-1893). In the short-story â€Å"The Necklace,† MadameRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of The Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1028 Words   |  5 Pages The Necklace†, by Guy de Maupassant First published in French in 1884, is a fabulous short story about unhappiness and being true to yourself. The story is about a woman, named Mathilide Loisel, who was a â€Å"prima donna† of sorts. However she could not have certain things that cost too much because she did not have the money to buy the items she longed for. One night her husband brought home an invitation to a ball but she was not happy about this because she did not have a dress good enough to attendRead MoreFemale Repression of the 19th Century as Seen Thru the Two Stories: the Necklace and the Story of an Hour652 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen treated as the lesser entity, having no sense of self-being or worth. These feelings led women to feel repressed in their everyday life. It was in the late nineteenth century when literary writers started to expose this female repression. Guy de Maupassant and Kate Chopin clearly express definitive examples of female repression i n their stories, The Necklace and The Story of an Hour. During this time period, women’s role in society was that of a submissive, powerless position. They often reliedRead MoreThe Story of an Hour and the Necklace Essay2858 Words   |  12 PagesTHE NECKLACE 1 The Story of an Hour amp; The Necklace Cindy Rohwer ENG 125 Douglas Goss September 8, 2012 THE STORY OF AN HOUR amp; THE NECKLACE Read MoreThe Unfortunate Woman in The Necklace by Guy Maupassant464 Words   |  2 Pagesprevious unhappy marriage, and he was cruel to women in his life and in fiction. This led him to writing â€Å"The Necklace†. â€Å"The Necklace† is about a woman who wants more beauty and she loses a necklace, which changes her physical appearance, and makes her life catastrophic. Guy Maupassant develops the theme that you should should be grateful what you have through the use of irony, foreshadowing, and mood. First, irony has a main role in â€Å"The Necklace†.â€Å"Oh, my poor Mathilde. But mine was only paste. Why

Principles Of Corporate Finance Essentials Of Investment - Free Sampl

Questions: To fill out the first table, you will need to select 3 bonds with maturities between 10 and 20 years with bond ratings of "A to AAA," "B to BBB" and "C to CC" (you may want to use bond screener at the Web site linked above).All of these bonds will have these values (future values) of $1,000. You will need to use a coupon rate of the bond times the face value to calculate the annual coupon payment. You should subtract the maturity date from the current year to determine the time to maturity. The Web site should provide you with the yield to maturity and the current quote for the bond. (Be sure to multiply the bond quote by 10 to get the current market value.) You will then need to indicate whether the bond is currently trading at a discount, premium, or par. Bond Company/ Rating Face Value (FV) Coupon Rate Annual Payment (PMT) Time-to Maturity (NPER) Yield-to-Maturity (RATE) Market Value (Quote) Discount, Premium, Par A-Rated $1,000 B-Rated $1,000 C-Rated $1,000 Explain the relationship observed between ratings and yield to maturity. Explain why the coupon rate and the yield to maturity determine why the bonds would trade at a discount, premium, or par. Based on the material you learn in this Phase, what would you expect to happen to the yield to maturity and market value of the bonds if the time to maturity was increased or decreased by 5 years? Answers: The completed table is shown below (Morningstar, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c) There is an inverse relationship between credit rating and yield to maturity. This is primarily because corporate bonds having lesser credit rating are more vulnerable to default and hence there is a higher risk for the investors. As a result, investors tend to expect a higher yield on these bonds that acts as compensation to the additional risk assumed by the investor (Damodaran, 2008). The coupon rate along with the YTM defines whether the bond would be traded at a premium, par or discount. Hence, when the coupon rate and YTM are equal, then the bonds tend to trade at par since the coupon rate offered is equal to the yield expected by the investors. However, when the coupon rate is greater than the YTM, then the bond would trade at a premium (i.e. greater than the par value) since the coupon offered by the bond is greater than the expected yield on the bond due to which there is a greater demand of such bonds in the market. Additionally, when the coupon rate is lower than the YTM, then the bond would trade at a discount (i.e. lesser than par value) as the coupon offered by the bond is less than that expected by the investors (Kane Marcus, 2013). A decrease in the maturity date tends to decrease the YTM and thus increases the bond prices. Whereas, an increase in the maturity date tends to increase the YTM and thus decreases the bond prices (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). CAPM Approach The completed table is shown below (Yahoo Finance, 2016). Company 5-year Risk-Free Rate of Return Beta () 5-Year Return on Top 500 Stocks Required Rate of Return (CAPM) Microsoft 1.45% 1.02 8.77% 8.92% Apple 1.45% 1.06 8.77% 9.21% IBM 1.45% 0.63 8.77% 6.06% The riskfree rate is taken as the yield on US treasury 5 year bond that comes out as 1.45% pa. The beta of the various stocks has been estimated from Yahoo Finance website. As per the CAPM model (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Required rate of return = Risk free rate + Beta*(Market return Risk free rate) Required rate of return (Microsoft) = 1.45 + 1.02*(8.77-1.45) = 8.92% pa Required rate of return (Apple) = 1.45 + 1.06*(8.77-1.45) = 9.21% pa Required rate of return (IBM) = 1.45 + 0.63*(8.77-1.45) = 6.06% pa Valuation using Gordon Model Company Current Dividend ($) Projected Growth Rate (next year) Required Rate of Return (CAPM) Estimated Stock Price (Gordon Model) Current Stock Price Over/Under Priced Microsoft 1.24 4% 8.92% 26.2 50.80 Over Apple 2.08 4.5% 9.21% 46.2 96.30 Over IBM 5.2 3.5% 6.06% 210.2 129.56 Under Estimated stock price (Microsoft) = 1.24*1.04/(0.0892-0.04) = $26.2 Estimated stock price (Apple) = 2.08*1.045/(0.0921-0.045) = $ 46.2 Estimated stock price (IBM) = 5.2*1.035/(0.0606-0.035) = $ 210.2 Valuation using P/E ratio Company Estimated Earning (next year) P/E Ratio Estimated Stock Price (P/E) Current Stock Price Over/Under Priced Microsoft 3.12 33.51 104.5 50.80 Under Apple 10.49 10.35 108.6 96.30 Under IBM 15.01 8.97 133.14 129.56 Under All the relevant data for the above table has been obtained from Yahoo Finance (2016). As per the Gordon dividend growth model, Estimated stock price = Dividend next year/(Required return dividend growth rate) Thus, the estimated stock price is inversely proportional to the required return on stock while it is directly proportional to the dividend growth rate. This is primarily because a higher dividend growth rate would increase the numerator and also would decrease the denominator and thus, lead to a higher estimated stock price. Additionally, a higher dividend paying stock would have a higher value assuming that denominator remains constant similar to the higher price of a higher coupon paying bond assuming YTM as constant. As per the Gordon dividend model, the current stock is the present value of all the dividends that would be paid over the life of the stock assuming perpetual holding period (Kane Marcus, 2013). Advantage of Gordon Growth Model It is an easy and convenient method to estimate the value of the stock of a particular company irrespective of the industry it belongs to (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). Disadvantages of Gordon Growth Model It cannot be used to estimate the stock price of those companies that do not pay dividends (Marcus Kane, 2013). It does not give emphasis to factors other than dividends for the determination of stock price particularly the presence of intangible assets that are critical in modern knowledge based economy (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). The dividend growth does not remain constant and typically varies even for mature stocks. The dividend growth rate always has to be lower than the required rate on equity that is not always true and thus, prices of such stocks cannot be determined (Damodaran, 2008). The P/E approach primarily relies on estimation of EPS in the next year and multiplying that with the current P/E ratio so as to determine the estimated price of the stock in the next year assuming that P/E ratio remains constant (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). Hence, estimated value of stock = Current P/E ratio * Estimated EPS in the next year The P/E model seems to be more accurate in determining the value of stock. This is primarily because the prices in the Gordon dividend growth model are highly sensitive to the dividend growth rate that cannot be predicted with high degree of accuracy in the future. As a result, the values obtained through P/E multiple are closer to the current market price (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). If the growth rate of the company would increase, then the value of the stock would increase as the next year dividend would increase while the denominator in Gordon growth model would decrease. An increase in the required rate of return would lower the stock value. Further, an increase in the dividends would increase the stock price in line with the Gordon growth model where the stock price is directly proportional to the dividends being paid. If the EPS of the stock would increase, then the stock price would increase due to higher profitability in line with the P/E approach (Damodaran, 2008). References Brealey, R., Myers, S. Allen, F. (2008), Principles of Corporate Finance, New York: McGraw Hill Publications Damodaran, A. (2008), Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Kane, B.Z. Marcus, A.J. (2013). Essentials of Investment, Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Morningstar (2016a), Verizon Communications Inc, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://quicktake.morningstar.com/stocknet/bonds.aspx?symbol=vz Morningstar (2016b), KLA-Tencor Corp, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 ttp://quicktake.morningstar.com/StockNet/bonds.aspx?Symbol=KLACcountry=USA Morningstar (2016c), Oracle Corp, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://quicktake.morningstar.com/StockNet/bonds.aspx?Symbol=ORCLcountry=USA Parrino, R. Kidwell, D. (2011), Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Yahoo Finance (2016), Historical prices, Yahoo Finance, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://finance.yahoo.com/